Background Details of Bagmati rivers

Bagmati River has its root in Bagdwar from the Southern slant of Shivapurilekh, north of Kathmandu bowl at an elevation of around 2650m and streams straight to south-west cutting Mahabharat range (Sharma, 1977). Beginning from Mahabharat range in the north it streams down to the fields of Nepal in the south and converges into the Ganges in India. The stream Bagmati in the Kathmandu valley runs southward and afterward westwards circumscribing Kathmandu and Lailitpur regions, on the other hand takes a course towards south in the wake of accepting Vishnumati River. Its absolute length is around 196 km in Nepal and the catchments zone of the stream is 3610sq. km which is 2.25% of aggregate range of Nepal (Shanker and Kiran, 1976). The Bagmati is a vital tributary of the Ganges and has a catchments range of 3710 km2 in Nepal. The waterway ascends in the Kathmandu Valley, which includes only 15% of the range of the Bagmati Basin in Nepal. The bowl can be isolated into three sections: the Upper Bagmati Basin (662 km2), the Middle Bagmati Bowl and the Lower Bagmati Basin. The waste range of the Bagmati as far downstream as Bhandarikharka (downstream of Chobar) is 662 km2 (BBWMSIP, 1994). The Bagmati is not a snow-nourished stream and the vast majority of its water is contributed by overflow. There are 24 primary tributaries starting from Mahabharat and Siwalik Lekh which nourished the waterway Bagmati (Tuladhar, 1979) and (Pradhan, 1998). Be that as it may, in its way inside the Kathmandu valley, it gets just 5 principle tributaries as Monohara Khola, Balkhu Khola, Nakkhu Khola. The stream Bagmati enters in the valley close Sundarijal, streams descending circumscribing the north-west limit of Gokarna backwoods and at that point streams west wards to Pashupati. There after, it gets Manohara Khola at Shankhamul, Tukucha Khola at Kalmochan Ghat, Vishnumati at Teku dovan and Balkhu Khola at Sanepa. Before achieving Khokana, Nakhu Khola empties water into it close Sundarighat. Water assets from the Bagmati River System are vital for little scale hydro-power, watering system furthermore, as drinking water sources. Around 82% of water volume is separated every day from the surface water sources for drinking water supply in the Valley. Then again, these waterways are broadly being utilized as dumping destinations for strong squanders, outlets for local sewerage and modern and rural effluents. Additionally, the riverbanks are being infringed upon by ghetto occupants with no confinements from the administration. All these negative approaches notwithstanding uncontrolled and bungled development of urban populace are influencing the equalization of the riverine environment. The uncontrolled quarrying of sand has immensely influenced the self-treatment limit of the waterways. Taking after were the examines on Bagmati Rivers which demonstrates its corrupting condition. 

The physicochemical parameters and natural markers of Bagmati Waterway have been concentrated on by numerous looks into e.g. Amattya (1977), Shrestha (1980), Khadka (1983), Upadhaya and Rao (1982), Vaidya and Karmacharaya (1986), Khattri (1986), Pradhangana et. al. (1987), Vaidya et al. (1987), Bajracharya et al (1988), Bottino (1988), Sharma (1988), Shrestha (1990), Stanle et al. (1994), Poudel and Upadhaya (1995), Yadav (2002), Chhetri (2006) and so forth. which demonstrates water nature of Bagmati stream is corrupting step by step and contamination level expanded as stream passes through thick settlements. Their inquires about have appears that in the stream of Kathmandu valley, unique groups of amphibian fauna have totally vanished and two gatherings of fauna (eg. Tubificids and Chironomids) normally of contaminated water have showed up.